Heart Attack
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, often by a blood clot or the buildup of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis). This blockage deprives the heart muscle of oxygen, leading to damage or death of the tissue.
The primary risk factors for heart attacks include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and a family history of heart disease. Symptoms of a heart attack can vary but commonly include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and lightheadedness. Pain may radiate to the left arm, neck, back, or jaw.
Immediate treatment is critical and usually involves restoring blood flow through medications like thrombolytics or by performing procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery. Preventive measures include managing risk factors through lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, smoking cessation, and controlling stress.
If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, it’s crucial to seek medical help immediately. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the extent of heart damage. Long-term management involves monitoring heart health and possibly using medications to prevent future cardiovascular events.
